U.S. import data show a sharp rise in supplies of critical minerals arriving through third countries seven months after Beijing barred direct exports of antimony, gallium and germanium to the United States. Customs records compiled by Reuters indicate that 3,834 metric tons of antimony oxides entered the U.S. from Thailand and Mexico between December and April—more than the previous three years combined.

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China has increasingly leveraged its dominant position in the supply of rare earth elements as a strategic tool in its ongoing trade tensions with the United States. Rare earths, critical components in a wide range of technologies from consumer electronics like iPhones to military applications such as missiles, have become central to what experts describe as a new form of economic warfare. This approach involves the deliberate restriction of rare earth supplies, sending a clear message about China's control over key future technologies. While this tactic is viewed by some as a novel trade war strategy unique to China, others note that the weaponization of supply chains is not unprecedented, citing the US's earlier actions in semiconductor supply chains. Analysts warn that Western nations remain largely unprepared for this challenge, with calls for urgent policy responses to avoid potential disruptions to critical industries including electric vehicles and defense systems.

China has begun limiting the number of export licences it grants to European buyers of rare earth metals, according to several industry notices issued this week. Traders say the licences being approved now cover smaller shipment volumes and must be renewed more frequently, making it harder for smelters and magnet makers in Europe to secure supplies.

A Commerce Ministry spokesperson confirmed on Friday that Beijing is evaluating all applications for restricted items "in line with China’s trade framework with the United States" and will continue to "strengthen" the approval process. The new screening adds to broader curbs introduced in April that require exporters to detail end-users, volumes and routes before any cargo can leave the country.

Read more

Chinese companies are accelerating purchases of mining assets abroad in a bid to lock in supplies of copper, lithium and other materials vital to electric vehicles, renewable energy equipment and advanced manufacturing. An analysis of S&P and Mergermarket data shows 10 Chinese overseas mining transactions worth more than $100 million closed last year, the most since 2013, and bankers say momentum has carried into 2025.

Read more

China has imposed export restrictions on rare earth minerals and fertilizers, and has recalled specialized Chinese technicians from India, intensifying challenges for New Delhi amid ongoing geopolitical tensions. These measures have exposed India's critical vulnerability due to its heavy reliance on China for rare earth elements, despite India possessing some of the world's largest reserves. The export curbs are viewed as strategic moves by China, underscoring the urgency for India to pursue self-reliance and enhance supply chain resilience, particularly in sectors like electric vehicles and defense. Additionally, the withdrawal of Chinese engineers by Foxconn from India reflects a broader trend of China consolidating its top rare earth and artificial intelligence experts domestically, further complicating global talent dynamics. Analysts emphasize the need for India to recalibrate its strategy, foster homegrown innovation, and strengthen strategic technological partnerships to mitigate these risks amid a fracturing global supply chain environment.

China has reduced the length of rare-earth export approvals granted to European companies, according to multiple official statements issued on 3 July. The step, which effectively applies tighter oversight to the shipment of minerals critical for electric vehicles, wind turbines and other clean-tech applications, comes amid broader trade frictions between Beijing and Brussels.

Foreign Minister Wang Yi, speaking alongside his German counterpart Johann Wadephul in Berlin, said China could "meet Europe’s demand" as long as firms comply with export-control rules and complete the required paperwork. The ministry of commerce echoed that position, adding that dialogue and cooperation are the "right path forward" and that rare-earth supplies “should not become an issue between China and Europe.”

Read more

Japan is preparing to conduct what it describes as the world's first deep-sea extraction of critical minerals, including rare earth elements, from the ocean floor. The country plans to launch its deepest test extraction in January 2026 amid a global race for strategic mineral resources. This initiative comes as several nations, including the United States and China, intensify their efforts to secure critical minerals essential for technology and energy sectors. China currently leads the deep-sea mining race with five International Seabed Authority (ISA) licenses and active collaborations with Pacific Island nations, giving it considerable influence over future seabed resource extraction.

Meanwhile, Australia has established a new global benchmark for assessing the environmental risks associated with deep-sea mining. The United States is also exploring multiple approaches to deep-sea mining, though these efforts carry normative and environmental challenges. The strategic competition in the Pacific region reflects broader geopolitical dynamics involving resource security and environmental considerations.

China has been accelerating the approval process for rare earth export licenses in accordance with its laws and regulations, including for European companies. The Chinese Commerce Ministry has emphasized its commitment to strengthening and expediting the review of compliant rare earth export license applications. However, recent reports indicate that China is shortening the approval process specifically for European firms, effectively limiting the number of rare earth export permissions granted to these companies. Meanwhile, U.S. Commerce Secretary Lutnick confirmed that China has been swiftly approving rare earth licenses and noted that the United States has removed certain countermeasures on China. He also mentioned ongoing studies on pharmaceuticals and semiconductors expected to conclude by the end of the month.

The Indian government is expected to finalize a rare-earth magnet manufacturing scheme within the next 10 to 20 days, with a proposed outlay of ₹1,000 crore to boost domestic production. This initiative comes amid interest from five to six companies, including Sona Comstar, India's largest maker of traction motors used in electric vehicles, which is considering entering rare-earth magnet manufacturing. The scheme aims to reduce India's dependence on China, which currently dominates the rare-earth magnet supply chain. China has reportedly taken strategic measures to hinder India's manufacturing ambitions by recalling workers, banning rare-earth magnet exports, and delaying machinery supplies.

These actions are perceived as attempts to undermine India's reputation as a reliable global supply chain partner and to stifle its emergence as a global manufacturing hub. The rare-earth magnets are critical components not only for electric vehicles but also for other technologies like speedometers. The Indian government is also contemplating incentives for rare-earth magnet manufacturers to encourage domestic production and enhance supply chain resilience amid these geopolitical challenges.

The United States, Japan, Australia, and India, collectively known as the Quad, have announced the launch of the Quad Critical Minerals Initiative aimed at securing and diversifying supply chains for critical minerals, including rare earth elements. This initiative was unveiled during the Quad foreign ministers' meeting held in Washington in mid-2025. The collaboration seeks to address concerns over China's dominance in the supply and processing of minerals vital to new technologies and the Indo-Pacific region. The partners agreed to strengthen cooperation on the stable supply of these resources and to build a new framework for critical mineral procurement.

The initiative also involves engagement with private sector leaders from the four countries to enhance supply chain resilience. While the effort is positioned as a strategic move to counterbalance China's influence, some Chinese experts have expressed skepticism about its feasibility and practical outcomes. The U.S. State Department highlighted the importance of reducing reliance on any single country for refining and processing critical minerals in the Indo-Pacific region.

European companies are increasingly turning to France to develop a domestic rare earths sector amid significant disruptions in supply from China. According to Wood Mackenzie, China's trade restrictions implemented this spring led to a 51% drop in exports of rare earth magnets within a month. This has prompted industrial groups in Europe to seek alternative sources, with France emerging as a key focus for rare earth mineral extraction and processing. Erick Petit, CEO of MagREEsource, a permanent magnet manufacturer, highlighted the challenge of meeting growing demand due to limited capacity.

Efforts are also underway to promote recycling of precious metals to support France's industrial sovereignty, as emphasized by Simon Vaillant of WeeeeCycling. Additionally, strategic dialogue on circular economy initiatives aims to foster new models for conserving, reusing, and recycling raw materials within the EU. Meanwhile, Japan's Furukawa is exploring seabed mining techniques to extract rare earth elements, indicating a broader regional interest in diversifying supply chains.

China's Commerce Ministry has responded to Canada's decision to shut down local business operations of Hikvision by stating it will take necessary measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises. This move comes amid China's implementation of tighter export controls on a broader range of rare earth elements, which has led to additional customs inspections and delays that threaten to disrupt global supply chains. While there has been some recent improvement in license approvals, industry observers emphasize the need for a shift from reactive measures to a stable and predictable approval process to stabilize global supply chains. Chinese state media and officials assert that these export controls are legally grounded, aimed at safeguarding national security, fulfilling non-proliferation obligations, and maintaining global peace and regional stability. Despite the controls, rare earth exports from China have resumed but continue to face restrictions.

President Donald Trump stated that China continues to pay substantial tariffs to the United States, referencing the 145% tariff rate that came into effect in April 2025. He acknowledged the ongoing trade deficit with China but emphasized a beneficial trade agreement between the two countries, specifically mentioning a deal involving the production of rare earth magnets in China for the U.S. Trump highlighted that the agreement is positive for both parties and expressed optimism about maintaining a good relationship with China. He also criticized the previous administration under President Biden for allowing the trade deficit with China to reach one trillion dollars.

Russian troops have pushed deeper into eastern Ukraine, reducing Kyiv’s control over key rare-earth metal deposits, the New York Times reported, citing unnamed officials familiar with battlefield developments. The areas now under threat hold significant reserves of elements used in advanced electronics, batteries and defense systems.

Ukrainian officials had hoped to leverage those deposits in a prospective resource agreement with the United States aimed at strengthening Western supply chains and attracting investment. The loss of access complicates those talks and could further tighten global rare-earth markets, which are already dominated by China.

Despite a recent agreement between the United States and China to ease restrictions on the export of rare-earth magnets, Chinese authorities continue to delay approvals for Western companies seeking to import these critical components. This ongoing obstruction has persisted for over two weeks since the pact was announced, causing difficulties for Western firms attempting to secure rare-earth imports. Data indicates that China's exports of rare-earth magnets have sharply declined, with total shipments falling 76% year-over-year in May to 1,238 tons, the lowest since February 2020. Exports to the U.S. have dropped even more dramatically, falling 92% year-over-year to just 46 tons, less than one-tenth of the volume recorded in March. The continued export restrictions risk reigniting trade tensions between Washington and Beijing.

The European Union is prioritizing improved access to Chinese rare earth elements ahead of the EU-China summit scheduled for July 24-25, 2025. EU leaders are expected to hold separate meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang during the summit. The EU has expressed concerns about the current shortage of rare earth magnets, which has disrupted European industries. In response, China has accelerated the approval process for rare earth export licenses to EU firms, aiming to alleviate supply constraints.

The Chinese Commerce Ministry has indicated a willingness to enhance communication and dialogue with relevant countries regarding export controls. Additionally, an EU commissioner has called for the establishment of strategic reserves of rare earths, similar to oil stockpiles, to guard against economic risks posed by China's export controls. This development marks a shift following the imposition of a 145% US tariff on Chinese goods in April 2025, which had contributed to tensions in global supply chains. The issuance of rare earth export licenses by China to EU companies signals an effort to ease trade frictions and address operational difficulties faced by European enterprises.

China is intensifying oversight of its rare-earth industry, asking mining and processing companies to submit detailed information on their technical experts and, in some cases, requiring those employees to surrender their passports, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing people familiar with the matter. Officials aim to track specialists closely and reduce the risk of trade-secret leaks as geopolitical competition over critical minerals deepens.

Read more

China’s overseas shipments of rare-earth permanent magnets fell to 1,238 metric tons in May, a 52.9% decline from April and the lowest monthly volume since February 2020, according to data released by the General Administration of Customs on 20 June.

The slide, which follows a similar halving of exports in April, left May volumes 74% below the same month last year. Deliveries to the United States plunged 93% to 46 tons, while shipments to Japan dropped 84% to 25 tons, illustrating the breadth of the squeeze across key markets.

Read more

The United States and China said they had reached a preliminary ‘framework’ to steer their trade truce back on course after two days of cabinet-level talks in London that ended on 11 June. Negotiators led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Chinese Vice-Premier He Lifeng outlined measures to carry out the 5 June telephone consensus between Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping. The plan centres on faster Chinese approvals for rare-earth mineral exports and a potential U.S. relaxation of selected export controls, according to officials from both sides. The arrangement now goes to the two presidents for endorsement, and no date has been set for the next round of negotiations.

Read more

China’s Ministry of Commerce said it has approved “a certain number” of applications for rare-earth export licences, without disclosing the quantities involved or identifying the recipients. Spokesperson He Yadong told a regular briefing that authorities are accelerating reviews for compliant firms and have already issued permits to some companies.

Beijing imposed export-control rules on the strategic minerals last year, citing national security and the need to safeguard supply-chain stability. The latest approvals suggest the government is seeking to balance tighter oversight with continued shipments to overseas manufacturers that rely on the elements for products ranging from electric-vehicle motors to missiles.

He added that China is prepared to “enhance communication and dialogue with relevant countries” on its export-control regime. The ministry did not say whether any of the new licences were granted to U.S. companies.

U.S. import data show a sharp rise in supplies of critical minerals arriving through third countries seven months after Beijing barred direct exports of antimony, gallium and germanium to the United States. Customs records compiled by Reuters indicate that 3,834 metric tons of antimony oxides entered the U.S. from Thailand and Mexico between December and April—more than the previous three years combined.

Read more

China has increasingly leveraged its dominant position in the supply of rare earth elements as a strategic tool in its ongoing trade tensions with the United States. Rare earths, critical components in a wide range of technologies from consumer electronics like iPhones to military applications such as missiles, have become central to what experts describe as a new form of economic warfare. This approach involves the deliberate restriction of rare earth supplies, sending a clear message about China's control over key future technologies. While this tactic is viewed by some as a novel trade war strategy unique to China, others note that the weaponization of supply chains is not unprecedented, citing the US's earlier actions in semiconductor supply chains. Analysts warn that Western nations remain largely unprepared for this challenge, with calls for urgent policy responses to avoid potential disruptions to critical industries including electric vehicles and defense systems.

China has begun limiting the number of export licences it grants to European buyers of rare earth metals, according to several industry notices issued this week. Traders say the licences being approved now cover smaller shipment volumes and must be renewed more frequently, making it harder for smelters and magnet makers in Europe to secure supplies.

A Commerce Ministry spokesperson confirmed on Friday that Beijing is evaluating all applications for restricted items "in line with China’s trade framework with the United States" and will continue to "strengthen" the approval process. The new screening adds to broader curbs introduced in April that require exporters to detail end-users, volumes and routes before any cargo can leave the country.

Read more

Chinese companies are accelerating purchases of mining assets abroad in a bid to lock in supplies of copper, lithium and other materials vital to electric vehicles, renewable energy equipment and advanced manufacturing. An analysis of S&P and Mergermarket data shows 10 Chinese overseas mining transactions worth more than $100 million closed last year, the most since 2013, and bankers say momentum has carried into 2025.

Read more

China has imposed export restrictions on rare earth minerals and fertilizers, and has recalled specialized Chinese technicians from India, intensifying challenges for New Delhi amid ongoing geopolitical tensions. These measures have exposed India's critical vulnerability due to its heavy reliance on China for rare earth elements, despite India possessing some of the world's largest reserves. The export curbs are viewed as strategic moves by China, underscoring the urgency for India to pursue self-reliance and enhance supply chain resilience, particularly in sectors like electric vehicles and defense. Additionally, the withdrawal of Chinese engineers by Foxconn from India reflects a broader trend of China consolidating its top rare earth and artificial intelligence experts domestically, further complicating global talent dynamics. Analysts emphasize the need for India to recalibrate its strategy, foster homegrown innovation, and strengthen strategic technological partnerships to mitigate these risks amid a fracturing global supply chain environment.

China has reduced the length of rare-earth export approvals granted to European companies, according to multiple official statements issued on 3 July. The step, which effectively applies tighter oversight to the shipment of minerals critical for electric vehicles, wind turbines and other clean-tech applications, comes amid broader trade frictions between Beijing and Brussels.

Foreign Minister Wang Yi, speaking alongside his German counterpart Johann Wadephul in Berlin, said China could "meet Europe’s demand" as long as firms comply with export-control rules and complete the required paperwork. The ministry of commerce echoed that position, adding that dialogue and cooperation are the "right path forward" and that rare-earth supplies “should not become an issue between China and Europe.”

Read more

Japan is preparing to conduct what it describes as the world's first deep-sea extraction of critical minerals, including rare earth elements, from the ocean floor. The country plans to launch its deepest test extraction in January 2026 amid a global race for strategic mineral resources. This initiative comes as several nations, including the United States and China, intensify their efforts to secure critical minerals essential for technology and energy sectors. China currently leads the deep-sea mining race with five International Seabed Authority (ISA) licenses and active collaborations with Pacific Island nations, giving it considerable influence over future seabed resource extraction.

Meanwhile, Australia has established a new global benchmark for assessing the environmental risks associated with deep-sea mining. The United States is also exploring multiple approaches to deep-sea mining, though these efforts carry normative and environmental challenges. The strategic competition in the Pacific region reflects broader geopolitical dynamics involving resource security and environmental considerations.

China has been accelerating the approval process for rare earth export licenses in accordance with its laws and regulations, including for European companies. The Chinese Commerce Ministry has emphasized its commitment to strengthening and expediting the review of compliant rare earth export license applications. However, recent reports indicate that China is shortening the approval process specifically for European firms, effectively limiting the number of rare earth export permissions granted to these companies. Meanwhile, U.S. Commerce Secretary Lutnick confirmed that China has been swiftly approving rare earth licenses and noted that the United States has removed certain countermeasures on China. He also mentioned ongoing studies on pharmaceuticals and semiconductors expected to conclude by the end of the month.

The Indian government is expected to finalize a rare-earth magnet manufacturing scheme within the next 10 to 20 days, with a proposed outlay of ₹1,000 crore to boost domestic production. This initiative comes amid interest from five to six companies, including Sona Comstar, India's largest maker of traction motors used in electric vehicles, which is considering entering rare-earth magnet manufacturing. The scheme aims to reduce India's dependence on China, which currently dominates the rare-earth magnet supply chain. China has reportedly taken strategic measures to hinder India's manufacturing ambitions by recalling workers, banning rare-earth magnet exports, and delaying machinery supplies.

These actions are perceived as attempts to undermine India's reputation as a reliable global supply chain partner and to stifle its emergence as a global manufacturing hub. The rare-earth magnets are critical components not only for electric vehicles but also for other technologies like speedometers. The Indian government is also contemplating incentives for rare-earth magnet manufacturers to encourage domestic production and enhance supply chain resilience amid these geopolitical challenges.

The United States, Japan, Australia, and India, collectively known as the Quad, have announced the launch of the Quad Critical Minerals Initiative aimed at securing and diversifying supply chains for critical minerals, including rare earth elements. This initiative was unveiled during the Quad foreign ministers' meeting held in Washington in mid-2025. The collaboration seeks to address concerns over China's dominance in the supply and processing of minerals vital to new technologies and the Indo-Pacific region. The partners agreed to strengthen cooperation on the stable supply of these resources and to build a new framework for critical mineral procurement.

The initiative also involves engagement with private sector leaders from the four countries to enhance supply chain resilience. While the effort is positioned as a strategic move to counterbalance China's influence, some Chinese experts have expressed skepticism about its feasibility and practical outcomes. The U.S. State Department highlighted the importance of reducing reliance on any single country for refining and processing critical minerals in the Indo-Pacific region.

European companies are increasingly turning to France to develop a domestic rare earths sector amid significant disruptions in supply from China. According to Wood Mackenzie, China's trade restrictions implemented this spring led to a 51% drop in exports of rare earth magnets within a month. This has prompted industrial groups in Europe to seek alternative sources, with France emerging as a key focus for rare earth mineral extraction and processing. Erick Petit, CEO of MagREEsource, a permanent magnet manufacturer, highlighted the challenge of meeting growing demand due to limited capacity.

Efforts are also underway to promote recycling of precious metals to support France's industrial sovereignty, as emphasized by Simon Vaillant of WeeeeCycling. Additionally, strategic dialogue on circular economy initiatives aims to foster new models for conserving, reusing, and recycling raw materials within the EU. Meanwhile, Japan's Furukawa is exploring seabed mining techniques to extract rare earth elements, indicating a broader regional interest in diversifying supply chains.

China's Commerce Ministry has responded to Canada's decision to shut down local business operations of Hikvision by stating it will take necessary measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises. This move comes amid China's implementation of tighter export controls on a broader range of rare earth elements, which has led to additional customs inspections and delays that threaten to disrupt global supply chains. While there has been some recent improvement in license approvals, industry observers emphasize the need for a shift from reactive measures to a stable and predictable approval process to stabilize global supply chains. Chinese state media and officials assert that these export controls are legally grounded, aimed at safeguarding national security, fulfilling non-proliferation obligations, and maintaining global peace and regional stability. Despite the controls, rare earth exports from China have resumed but continue to face restrictions.

President Donald Trump stated that China continues to pay substantial tariffs to the United States, referencing the 145% tariff rate that came into effect in April 2025. He acknowledged the ongoing trade deficit with China but emphasized a beneficial trade agreement between the two countries, specifically mentioning a deal involving the production of rare earth magnets in China for the U.S. Trump highlighted that the agreement is positive for both parties and expressed optimism about maintaining a good relationship with China. He also criticized the previous administration under President Biden for allowing the trade deficit with China to reach one trillion dollars.

Russian troops have pushed deeper into eastern Ukraine, reducing Kyiv’s control over key rare-earth metal deposits, the New York Times reported, citing unnamed officials familiar with battlefield developments. The areas now under threat hold significant reserves of elements used in advanced electronics, batteries and defense systems.

Ukrainian officials had hoped to leverage those deposits in a prospective resource agreement with the United States aimed at strengthening Western supply chains and attracting investment. The loss of access complicates those talks and could further tighten global rare-earth markets, which are already dominated by China.

Despite a recent agreement between the United States and China to ease restrictions on the export of rare-earth magnets, Chinese authorities continue to delay approvals for Western companies seeking to import these critical components. This ongoing obstruction has persisted for over two weeks since the pact was announced, causing difficulties for Western firms attempting to secure rare-earth imports. Data indicates that China's exports of rare-earth magnets have sharply declined, with total shipments falling 76% year-over-year in May to 1,238 tons, the lowest since February 2020. Exports to the U.S. have dropped even more dramatically, falling 92% year-over-year to just 46 tons, less than one-tenth of the volume recorded in March. The continued export restrictions risk reigniting trade tensions between Washington and Beijing.

The European Union is prioritizing improved access to Chinese rare earth elements ahead of the EU-China summit scheduled for July 24-25, 2025. EU leaders are expected to hold separate meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang during the summit. The EU has expressed concerns about the current shortage of rare earth magnets, which has disrupted European industries. In response, China has accelerated the approval process for rare earth export licenses to EU firms, aiming to alleviate supply constraints.

The Chinese Commerce Ministry has indicated a willingness to enhance communication and dialogue with relevant countries regarding export controls. Additionally, an EU commissioner has called for the establishment of strategic reserves of rare earths, similar to oil stockpiles, to guard against economic risks posed by China's export controls. This development marks a shift following the imposition of a 145% US tariff on Chinese goods in April 2025, which had contributed to tensions in global supply chains. The issuance of rare earth export licenses by China to EU companies signals an effort to ease trade frictions and address operational difficulties faced by European enterprises.

China is intensifying oversight of its rare-earth industry, asking mining and processing companies to submit detailed information on their technical experts and, in some cases, requiring those employees to surrender their passports, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing people familiar with the matter. Officials aim to track specialists closely and reduce the risk of trade-secret leaks as geopolitical competition over critical minerals deepens.

Read more

China’s overseas shipments of rare-earth permanent magnets fell to 1,238 metric tons in May, a 52.9% decline from April and the lowest monthly volume since February 2020, according to data released by the General Administration of Customs on 20 June.

The slide, which follows a similar halving of exports in April, left May volumes 74% below the same month last year. Deliveries to the United States plunged 93% to 46 tons, while shipments to Japan dropped 84% to 25 tons, illustrating the breadth of the squeeze across key markets.

Read more

The United States and China said they had reached a preliminary ‘framework’ to steer their trade truce back on course after two days of cabinet-level talks in London that ended on 11 June. Negotiators led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Chinese Vice-Premier He Lifeng outlined measures to carry out the 5 June telephone consensus between Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping. The plan centres on faster Chinese approvals for rare-earth mineral exports and a potential U.S. relaxation of selected export controls, according to officials from both sides. The arrangement now goes to the two presidents for endorsement, and no date has been set for the next round of negotiations.

Read more

China’s Ministry of Commerce said it has approved “a certain number” of applications for rare-earth export licences, without disclosing the quantities involved or identifying the recipients. Spokesperson He Yadong told a regular briefing that authorities are accelerating reviews for compliant firms and have already issued permits to some companies.

Beijing imposed export-control rules on the strategic minerals last year, citing national security and the need to safeguard supply-chain stability. The latest approvals suggest the government is seeking to balance tighter oversight with continued shipments to overseas manufacturers that rely on the elements for products ranging from electric-vehicle motors to missiles.

He added that China is prepared to “enhance communication and dialogue with relevant countries” on its export-control regime. The ministry did not say whether any of the new licences were granted to U.S. companies.