The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for Sudan told the Human Rights Council that the country’s two-year civil war has become “a crisis of humanity,” characterised by escalating violence, famine and systematic sexual abuse. Mission chair Mohamed Chande Othman said the scale of human suffering is deepening as governance fragments and foreign actors fuel the conflict. Investigators documented a sharp rise in gang rape, abductions, sexual slavery and forced marriage, particularly in displacement camps controlled by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. Expert Mona Rishmawi said hunger is being weaponised, with both the RSF and the Sudan Armed Forces blocking, looting or bureaucratically obstructing relief convoys, leaving children dying of malnutrition. Both sides have intensified the use of heavy weapons in densely populated areas. The mission cited a May drone strike by the RSF on Obeid International Hospital that killed six civilians and an early-June Sudanese Air Force bombing in Al-Koma that left at least 15 dead. Health facilities, markets and homes have repeatedly been hit, while aid workers face increasing attacks. The war, which erupted in April 2023 between the SAF and the RSF, has killed tens of thousands of people and forced more than 13 million Sudanese from their homes, according to UN data. The refugee agency says Sudan now accounts for the world’s largest displacement crisis. Urging accountability, mission member Joy Ngozi Ezeilo called on states to fully enforce the arms embargo under UN Security Council Resolution 1556 and hold perpetrators of international crimes to account. "Accountability is not a luxury; it is the cornerstone of sustainable peace," she said, warning that without decisive action the humanitarian catastrophe will intensify.